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Locomotor-respiratory coupling during axillary crutch ambulation.
C A Hurst1, R L Kirby, D A MacLeod
1School of Kinesiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
|January 24, 2002
Summary
Locomotor-respiratory coupling occurs in humans using axillary crutches during swing-through gait. Expiration is typically linked to the crutch-stance phase, with inspiration during swing.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Human Physiology
- Gait Analysis
Background:
- Locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) is a known phenomenon in normal walking.
- The mechanics of axillary crutch use introduce unique gait patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence of LRC in humans using axillary crutches with a swing-through gait pattern.
- To determine the phase of the respiratory cycle associated with crutch stance during LRC.
Main Methods:
- Eighteen able-bodied individuals were trained in swing-through gait using axillary crutches.
- Subjects walked on a treadmill at a "somewhat hard" intensity while crutch pressure and respiration were recorded.
- LRC was defined by consistent respiratory phase timing relative to the gait cycle.
Main Results:
- Over half (56%) of subjects demonstrated transient LRC during crutch ambulation.
- In most observed LRC episodes (89%), expiration coincided with the crutch-stance phase.
- Inspiration was predominantly associated with the crutch-swing phase.
Conclusions:
- Transient 1:1 LRC is observable in able-bodied individuals using axillary crutches and a swing-through gait.
- The crutch-stance phase is frequently linked to expiration during this type of ambulation.
- Findings may inform training protocols for axillary crutch users.