The effect of ligand dynamics on heme electronic transition band III in myoglobin

Band III is a near-infrared electronic transition at ~13,000 cm(-1) in heme proteins that has been studied extensively as a marker of protein conformational relaxation after photodissociation of the heme-bound ligand. To examine the influence of the heme pocket structure and ligand dynamics on band III, we have studied carbon monoxide recombination in a variety of myoglobin mutants after photolysis at 3 K using Fourier transform infrared temperature-derivative spectroscopy with monitoring in three spectral ranges, (1) band III, the mid-infrared region of (2) the heme-bound CO, and (3) the photodissociated CO. Here we present data on mutant myoglobins V68F and L29W, which both exhibit pronounced ligand movements at low temperature. From spectral and kinetic analyses in the mid-infrared, a small number of photoproduct populations can be distinguished, differing in their distal heme pocket conformations and/or CO locations. We have decomposed band III into its individual photoproduct contributions. Each photoproduct state exhibits a different "kinetic hole-burning" (KHB) effect, a coupling of the activation enthalpy for rebinding to the position of band III. The analysis reveals that the heme pocket structure and the photodissociated CO markedly affect the band III transition. A strong kinetic hole-burning effect results only when the CO ligand resides in the docking site on top of the heme group. Migration of CO away from the heme group leads to an overall blue shift of band III. Consequently, band III can be used as a sensitive tool to study ligand dynamics after photodissociation in heme proteins.