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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

R K Garg1

  • 1Department of Neurology, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India. garg50@yahoo.com

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|January 25, 2002
PubMed
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive neurological disorder caused by measles virus. While treatment options are limited, early measles vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a devastating neurological sequela of measles virus infection.
  • It primarily affects children and adolescents, leading to progressive neurological decline.

Observation:

  • Histopathological findings include astrogliosis, neuronal loss, demyelination, and neurofibrillary tangles.
  • Clinical manifestations encompass behavioral changes, myoclonus, dementia, and visual disturbances.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, characteristic EEG patterns, and elevated measles antibodies in serum and CSF.
  • The disease typically progresses to death within 1-3 years.

Implications:

  • Current treatment is largely supportive, with a combination of isoprinosine and interferon alfa showing some efficacy.

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  • Lifelong treatment may be necessary for responding patients.
  • Widespread measles immunization is the only definitive preventive strategy against SSPE.