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Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction.

John F Dovidio1, Kerry Kawakami, Samuel L Gaertner

  • 1Department of Psychology, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, USA. jdovidio@mail.colgate.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 29, 2002
PubMed
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White individuals' explicit racial attitudes predicted biased verbal behavior in interracial interactions. Implicit racial associations, measured by response latency, predicted nonverbal friendliness and perceived bias.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Intergroup Relations
  • Racial Bias Research

Background:

  • Understanding racial bias in interracial interactions is crucial for promoting equality.
  • Both implicit and explicit measures are used to assess racial attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between White individuals' implicit racial associations and explicit racial attitudes.
  • To examine how these attitudes predict verbal and nonverbal behaviors in interactions with Black partners.
  • To assess perceptions of bias in these interracial interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: White individuals interacting with a Black partner.
  • Measures: Implicit Association Test (response latency) and explicit self-report racial attitudes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Outcome Variables: Verbal and nonverbal behaviors, self-reported friendliness, and perceived bias by partners and observers.

    • Main Results:

    • Explicit racial attitudes significantly predicted biased verbal behavior towards Black partners compared to White partners.
    • Explicit attitudes also predicted participants' self-reported friendliness, showing less friendliness towards Black partners.
    • Response latency (implicit associations) predicted nonverbal friendliness and perceptions of bias from partners and observers.

    Conclusions:

    • Explicit racial attitudes are key predictors of biased verbal communication in interracial settings.
    • Implicit racial associations influence nonverbal behavior and how bias is perceived by others.
    • Both implicit and explicit measures offer valuable insights into the complexities of racial bias in social interactions.