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Related Experiment Videos

Active warming during cesarean delivery.

Ernst-Peter Horn1, Frank Schroeder, Andrè Gottschalk

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ephorn@12move.de

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|January 29, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Forced-air warming before and during cesarean delivery effectively prevents hypothermia in mothers and newborns. This method also reduces shivering in mothers and improves infant outcomes, including umbilical vein pH.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Maintaining maternal normothermia during cesarean delivery is crucial for both maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Hypothermia and shivering are common complications in patients undergoing cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia.
  • The impact of prewarming on neonatal temperature and umbilical vein pH requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if forced-air prewarming combined with intraoperative warming prevents hypothermia and shivering in patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery.
  • To determine if maintaining maternal normothermia increases newborn temperature, umbilical vein pH, and Apgar scores.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to forced-air warming or passive insulation.

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  • Warming commenced 15 minutes before epidural anesthesia induction.
  • Core temperature was measured, shivering was graded, and maternal thermal sensation was assessed using visual analog scales. Neonatal rectal temperature and umbilical vein pH were recorded.

    • Main Results:

    • Actively warmed patients maintained significantly higher core temperatures (37.1°C vs. 36.0°C) after 2 hours of anesthesia.
    • Shivering was significantly reduced in the actively warmed group (2/15 vs. 9/15 patients).
    • Infants of warmed mothers exhibited higher core temperatures (37.1°C vs. 36.2°C) and improved umbilical vein pH (7.32 vs. 7.24).

    Conclusions:

    • Perioperative forced-air warming is effective in preventing maternal and fetal hypothermia during cesarean delivery with epidural anesthesia.
    • This warming strategy significantly reduces maternal shivering.
    • Forced-air warming improves neonatal temperature and umbilical vein pH, indicating better fetal adaptation.