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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

Published on: October 19, 2011

Stress and suicide in the Nurses' Health Study.

D Feskanich¹, J L Hastrup, J R Marshall

¹Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. diane.feskanich@channing.harvard.edu

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

|January 29, 2002

Summary

High stress and minimal stress are linked to increased suicide risk in women. This U-shaped relationship highlights the complex interplay between perceived stress, diazepam use, and suicide in adult women.

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A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Psychiatry
Public Health

Background:

Stress is a recognized risk factor for suicide, yet research often relies on retrospective data or focuses on suicide attempts and ideation.
Prospective studies are crucial for understanding the direct relationship between stress and completed suicides.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively examine the associations between self-perceived stress, diazepam use, and suicide death among adult women.
To investigate the shape of the relationship between stress levels and suicide risk.

Main Methods:

A 14-year prospective cohort study involving 94,110 female nurses aged 36-61 in 1982.
Stress at home and work was assessed using a four-point scale (minimal, light, moderate, severe).
Adjustments were made for age, smoking, coffee consumption, alcohol intake, and marital status.

Main Results:

A U-shaped relationship was observed between self-reported stress and suicide risk.
Both minimal and severe stress levels were associated with increased suicide risk compared to light stress.
High stress combined with diazepam use showed an over eightfold increased risk of suicide.

Conclusions:

The relationship between self-reported stress and suicide in adult women appears to be U-shaped.
Minimal stress may indicate undiagnosed depression or other unmeasured risk factors.
Findings underscore the importance of addressing both high and low perceived stress in suicide prevention strategies.