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Marginal biotin deficiency during normal pregnancy.

Donald M Mock1, J Gerald Quirk, Nell I Mock

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA. mockdonaldm@uams.edu

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|January 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Pregnant women frequently show increased 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA) excretion, indicating low biotin status. Biotin supplementation effectively reduced 3-HIA levels, suggesting a need to address marginal biotin deficiency during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Nutrition
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Biotin deficiency is a known teratogen in mammals.
  • Increased urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA) excretion is common in pregnancy, potentially indicating biotin deficiency.
  • Pregnancy itself may affect organic acid excretion, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if biotin supplementation reduces 3-HIA excretion in pregnant women.
  • To investigate the link between pregnancy, biotin status, and 3-HIA levels.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 26 pregnant women with elevated 3-HIA excretion.
  • Participants received either 300 mcg biotin/day or a placebo for 14 days.
  • Urine samples were analyzed before and after supplementation.

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Main Results:

  • Biotin supplementation significantly decreased 3-HIA excretion in both early and late pregnancy groups.
  • In early pregnancy, 3-HIA decreased by 11.7 mmol/mol creatinine with biotin, versus an increase with placebo.
  • In late pregnancy, 3-HIA decreased by 7.1 mmol/mol creatinine with biotin, versus an increase with placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated 3-HIA excretion in pregnancy likely reflects reduced biotin status.
  • Marginal biotin deficiency may be common in the first trimester.
  • This finding raises concerns about potential teratogenicity of biotin deficiency in humans.