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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
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Asthma I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

The pathophysiology of asthma.

Lee Maddox¹, David A Schwartz

¹Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710;

Annual Review of Medicine

|January 31, 2002

Summary

Asthma development involves complex genetics and environmental factors, often leading to a Th-2 immune response. Chronic airway changes, not just reversible obstruction, contribute to progressive asthma symptoms.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Pulmonology
Genetics

Background:

Asthma is a chronic airway disease defined by inflammation and reversible airflow obstruction.
Its origins are multifactorial, involving genetics and environmental triggers.
A Th-2 lymphocyte-predominant immune response is linked to atopy and IgE-mediated inflammation in asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on asthma development.
To discuss the role of Th-1 and Th-2 immunity in the asthmatic phenotype.
To detail inflammatory processes contributing to chronic airway inflammation.

Main Methods:

Review of current scientific literature on asthma etiology.
Analysis of genetic and environmental contributions to asthma.

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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

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Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

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Published on: May 14, 2012

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Published on: April 16, 2019

Discussion of immune responses (Th-1/Th-2) and inflammation.

Main Results:

Genetics, especially in atopic asthma, plays a significant role.
Early childhood infections are linked to asthma development.
Chronic airway changes, beyond reversible obstruction, are recognized.

Conclusions:

Genetic and environmental factors significantly shape the asthmatic phenotype.
Th-2 mediated immunity is central to atopy and IgE-driven inflammation.
Inflammatory processes drive chronic airway changes in asthma.