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[Prevalence of and factors associated with hepatitis B virus markers in a rural population of central Brazil].

F J Souto1, G A Santo, J C Philippi

  • 1Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Núcleo de Estudos de Doencas Infecciosas e Tropicais, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. fsouto@terra.com.br

Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health
|February 1, 2002
PubMed
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 31% of individuals in central Brazil, with low vaccine coverage in teenagers. Expanding HBV vaccination to adolescents is recommended for this population.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding HBV seroepidemiology is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey the seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in a central Brazilian municipality.
  • To identify risk factors for HBV exposure and assess vaccine response and coverage.

Main Methods:

  • A random sample of 754 individuals from urban and rural areas in Nova Mutum, Mato Grosso, Brazil, was studied.
  • Blood samples were collected for hepatitis B virus marker analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  • Demographic data and vaccination history were collected through interviews.

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Main Results:

  • Hepatitis B virus infection prevalence was 31% (232/754), with 3% (19/754) HBsAg-positive.
  • Vaccine response (anti-HBs positivity) was observed in 20% (149/754) of those reporting vaccination.
  • Risk factors for HBV exposure included early sexual activity, yellow fever vaccination via jet injector (in <20 years), and southern Brazilian immigration (in >20 years).
  • Low hepatitis B vaccine coverage was noted in individuals over 10 years, with 74% susceptibility in the 11-20 age group.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B virus vaccine coverage should be expanded to include teenagers in low-to-moderate prevalence areas.
  • Findings may be generalizable to other Latin American regions with similar epidemiological profiles.
  • Targeted vaccination strategies are needed to improve HBV control in vulnerable populations.