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Updated: Oct 2, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
High serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations do not predict pregnancy outcome in women with
Luciano G Nardo1, Raj Rai, May Backos
1Department of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
Objective:
To investigate the relationship between Day 8 serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) with pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent miscarriage.
Design:
Prospective observational study.
Setting:
National recurrent miscarriage clinic.
Patient(S):
Three hundred forty-four women (median age 32 years; range 18-44) with a history of recurrent first trimester miscarriage (median 4; 3-14; <12 weeks gestation) who conceived spontaneously and who received no pharmacological treatment during pregnancy were studied. All women were antiphospholipid antibody negative and had a normal peripheral karyotype as did their partners.
Intervention(S):
Outcome of untreated pregnancies.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Day 8 serum LH and T concentrations and BMI were correlated with pregnancy outcome.
Result(S):
One hundred and ninety-two (55.8%) women had a live birth and 152 (44.2%) women miscarried. Polycystic ovarian morphology was diagnosed in 174 women (50.6%). There was no significant relationship between follicular phase LH concentrations and pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy outcome was similar in women with normal and high serum T concentrations. BMI value was not significantly different between women who had a live birth and those who miscarried.
Conclusion(S):
The analysis of this large cohort of women with recurrent miscarriage demonstrates that prepregnancy Day 8 serum LH and T concentrations, and BMI do not have a statistically significant relationship with pregnancy outcome.
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