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Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation

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Interleukin-18 expression and modulation in human corneal epithelial cells.

G J Burbach¹, S M Naik, J B Harten

¹Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Current Eye Research

|February 1, 2002

Summary

Human corneal epithelial cells produce Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a key factor in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. This discovery suggests IL-18

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T-cells.
The role of IL-18 in corneal inflammation is not well understood.
Expression of IL-18 in human corneal epithelial cells has not been previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether human corneal epithelial cells can produce IL-18.
To determine if pro-inflammatory mediators modulate IL-18 expression in these cells.
To assess the potential role of corneal IL-18 in IFN-gamma-dependent inflammation.

Main Methods:

Northern blot analysis and ELISA were used to detect IL-18 mRNA and protein in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC and HCET).
Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or poly (dI:dC) to assess modulation of IL-18 expression.
IL-18 bioactivity was measured using a leukocyte IFN-gamma induction assay, and IL-18 was localized in human cornea via immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

Human corneal epithelial cells constitutively express IL-18 mRNA and bioactive protein.
Pro-inflammatory agents (LPS, PMA, poly (dI:dC)) upregulated IL-18 expression.
Immunohistochemistry confirmed IL-18 protein expression in the epithelial cells of whole human cornea.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first evidence that human corneal epithelial cells produce the IFN-gamma inducing factor IL-18.
Corneal IL-18 production is inducible by pro-inflammatory stimuli.
Corneal IL-18 may play a significant role in initiating IFN-gamma-mediated inflammatory responses within the cornea.