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[Anthrax].

L Calza1, R Manfredi, F Chiodo

  • 1Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Specialistica e Sperimentale, Università Alma Mater, Policlinico S. Orsola, Bologna. malinf@med.unibo.it

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|February 2, 2002
PubMed
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Anthrax, a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis, affects mammals and humans through spores. While cutaneous anthrax is treatable, inhalation and gastrointestinal forms are nearly fatal, posing a global health security threat.

Area of Science:

  • * Zoonotic bacterial infections
  • * Public health and biosecurity

Background:

  • * Anthrax is a severe bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, primarily affecting grazing herbivores but also humans.
  • * Transmission occurs via bacterial endospores entering the body through skin abrasions, inhalation, or ingestion, typically from infected animals or contaminated products.
  • * Human-to-human transmission of anthrax is not known.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of anthrax.
  • * To highlight the varying severity and mortality rates of different anthrax forms.
  • * To underscore the potential of anthrax as a biological weapon and a global safety concern.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on anthrax.
  • * Analysis of transmission routes and disease forms.

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  • * Assessment of historical and contemporary anthrax threats.

    • Main Results:

    • * Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, is usually curable with antibiotics.
    • * Gastrointestinal and inhalatory anthrax forms are rare but have near 100% mortality, often due to septic and toxic shock.
    • * Anthrax has historically affected animals and occasionally humans, but recent events have highlighted its potential as a biological weapon.

    Conclusions:

    • * Anthrax remains a significant threat, particularly its severe forms.
    • * The potential for misuse as a biological weapon elevates anthrax concerns for global safety.
    • * Continued vigilance and preparedness are crucial for managing anthrax risks.