Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 18, 2023
A brief commentary: electroacupuncture may relax the contraction of sphincter of Oddi
1Department of Internal Medicine (Enterology), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. bhmin@www.amc.seoul.kr
Abstract:
Animal studies have shown that acupuncture can affect the function of the sphincter of Oddi, a smooth muscle encircling major papilla located at the second portion of the duodenum that regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice. This study of thirteen patients was the first to observe the effects of acupuncture on sphincter of Oddi motility in humans. Stimulation of the acupuncture point GB-34, which is known to Oriental medicine as an acupoint with effect on the biliary system, showed reversible inhibition of sphincter of Oddi contractions. In contrast, stimulation of a nonspecific control acupoint did not induce significant change. This study suggests that acupuncture may be one alternative treatment for patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
Related Concept Videos
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects
Unlike...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
