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A critique on complementary and alternative medicine.

¹Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20418, USA. kshine@nas.edu

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.)

|February 2, 2002

Summary

Evidence-based medicine requires scientific evaluation of all treatments for efficacy and effectiveness. This ensures patient safety and informed choices, incorporating even traditional remedies like digitalis glycosides.

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Area of Science:

Medical Science
Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

Modern medicine increasingly relies on scientific advancements for health improvement.
Historically, medical practice has not consistently adhered to scientific principles.
The rise of evidence-based medicine (EBM) emphasizes rigorous examination of all medical care aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for the scientific assessment of all medical treatments and preventive strategies.
To highlight the importance of evaluating both efficacy and effectiveness in healthcare interventions.
To underscore the necessity of considering safety and patient information in clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

Examining the concept of evidence-based medicine.
Differentiating between efficacy and effectiveness of medical interventions.
Analyzing safety assessments in comparison to alternative treatments.
Using the example of digitalis glycosides to illustrate these principles.

Main Results:

Efficacy is observed in daily medical practice, while effectiveness often requires randomized clinical trials.
Safety evaluations must consider adverse effects and comparative outcomes.
Lack of evidence for a treatment can render it unsafe compared to evidence-supported alternatives.
Informed patient choice relies on available evidence.

Conclusions:

Allopathic, alternative, and complementary medicine should be evaluated using scientific evidence.
Rigorous assessment of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
The history of digitalis glycosides exemplifies the successful integration of scientifically validated herbal medicine.