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Gemcitabine-induced systemic capillary leak syndrome
T De Pas1, G Curigliano, L Franceschelli
1Division of Medical Oncology,European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy. tommaso.de-pas@ieo.it
Summary
Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare disorder. This case report details repeated SCLS following gemcitabine (GCB) treatment, suggesting GCB as a potential cause of SCLS and its pulmonary toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare, life-threatening disorder characterized by plasma extravasation.
- Gemcitabine (GCB) is a chemotherapy agent, and its pulmonary toxicity has been hypothesized to involve SCLS.
Observation:
- A 51-year-old male with non-small-cell lung cancer experienced recurrent SCLS episodes after receiving cisplatin and GCB combination therapy.
- The patient presented with classic SCLS symptoms including edema, hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypoproteinemia.
Findings:
- This case provides the first direct correlation between gemcitabine (GCB) administration and the development of systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS).
- The findings support the hypothesis that SCLS is the underlying mechanism for gemcitabine-induced pulmonary toxicity.
Implications:
- This discovery aids in understanding the pathogenesis of GCB-related pulmonary toxicity and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
- Early recognition and management of GCB-induced SCLS may improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality associated with this chemotherapy regimen.