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National differences in extraversion and neuroticism.

R Lynn, S L Hampson

    The British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
    |September 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces a novel method to measure national personality traits, specifically extraversion and neuroticism, using demographic and epidemiological data. Findings reveal distinct national profiles, with the US being most extraverted and Austria most neurotic.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Assessing national personality differences is crucial for understanding cross-cultural behavior.
    • Existing methods for measuring national personality traits are limited.
    • Demographic and epidemiological data offer a potential, underutilized resource for such assessments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel method for quantifying national levels of extraversion and neuroticism.
    • To utilize readily available demographic and epidemiological data as proxies for these personality dimensions.
    • To explore cross-national variations in extraversion and neuroticism among advanced Western nations.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel methodology was developed using national prevalence rates of specific variables (e.g., divorce, crime, substance abuse, certain diseases) as indices for national extraversion and neuroticism.

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  • Principal components analysis was employed to identify underlying factors within these national indices.
  • Factor scores were computed for each nation to represent their standing on the identified extraversion and neuroticism dimensions.

    • Main Results:

    • Principal components analysis successfully extracted two major factors, clearly identifiable as extraversion and neuroticism.
    • Significant national variations were observed; the United States emerged as the most extraverted nation, while Japan was the most introverted.
    • Austria was identified as the most neurotic nation, whereas Ireland exhibited the lowest levels of neuroticism.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method effectively measures national differences in extraversion and neuroticism using demographic and epidemiological data.
    • The study provides a quantitative framework for understanding the psychological landscape of nations.
    • Findings highlight the utility of public health and societal data in psychological research and cross-cultural comparisons.