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Updated: Oct 2, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: April 11, 2019
[Evidence for use of electroshock devices]
S Banaschak1, H Milbradt, M Humpert
1Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universität Bonn.
Abstract:
The authors tested whether use of an electro shock weapon (stun gun) leaves marks on skin which can be found in an exterior examination. On pig skin such marks could not be produced postmortally. An experiment on one of the authors caused reddish skin marks which persisted for about 2 h. Inability to act as promised by the weapons' manufacturers did not occur in our experiments, exactly as previously described by other authors. Use of an air tester which shoots barbed electrodes ought to produce bleedings if the electrodes actually penetrate the skin.
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