Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.5K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.5K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

1.1K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.1K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

1.4K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.4K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

9.9K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
9.9K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.1K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Venous cavernous malformation in the infraorbital canal with unusual presentation.

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia·2025
Same author

Purtscher-like retinopathy following carotid angioplasty and stenting in the treatment of severe carotid stenosis.

European journal of ophthalmology·2023
Same author

Vision-Related Quality of Life after Cataract Surgery in West Africa.

West African journal of medicine·2023
Same author

Rapid-onset voriconazole-induced cicatricial ectropion.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2022
Same author

Zeus, the look through the anophthalmic cavity.

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia·2019
Same author

Periorbital necrotising fasciitis secondary to scratching.

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K

Latent ocular deviations in patients with advanced AIDS.

E España-Gregori1, R Montés-Micó, I Bueno-Gimeno

  • 1Optics Department, Valencia University, Spain. enrique.espana@uv.es

Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology
|February 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Patients with advanced Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) exhibit significant horizontal latent ocular deviations and lower AC/A ratios compared to controls. These findings suggest a divergence insufficiency, potentially contributing to vision problems in AIDS patients.

More Related Videos

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

2.0K
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

2.0K
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Advanced Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can affect various organ systems, including the visual system.
  • Ocular manifestations in AIDS patients are well-documented, but horizontal latent deviations require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine horizontal latent ocular deviations in patients with advanced AIDS (CD4+ count <0.050 x 10(9)/l).
  • To compare these deviations with normal values using the von Graefe technique.
  • To measure the accommodation-convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio in both AIDS patients and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • The study included twenty patients aged 17-44 years with advanced AIDS and age-matched controls.
  • Horizontal latent ocular deviations were assessed using the von Graefe technique at near (40 cm) and distance (6 m).
  • The AC/A ratio was measured using the Gradient test.

Main Results:

  • AIDS patients displayed a horizontal latent deviation of 0.28+/-1.07Δ exo at near and 2.12+/-1.37Δ eso at distance.
  • The AC/A ratio in AIDS patients was 2.03+/-0.65.
  • Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) were observed between AIDS patients and controls at both near and distance.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced AIDS patients exhibit lower-than-expected horizontal latent ocular deviations and AC/A ratios.
  • These findings indicate a divergence insufficiency in AIDS patients.
  • This insufficiency may contribute to visual complaints like blurred vision, photophobia, nyctalopia, and reading difficulty.