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Early temperamental traits in an octopus (Octopus bimaculoides).

D L Sinn1, N A Perrin, J A Mather

  • 1Department of Biology, Portland State University, USA. dsinn@utas.edu.au

Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
|February 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Octopus bimaculoides exhibit distinct temperaments, including active engagement and aggression, which change over their early development. Relatedness also influences these developing octopus temperamental profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Marine Biology
  • Invertebrate Zoology

Background:

  • Temperament research has primarily focused on vertebrates.
  • Understanding temperament in invertebrates like octopuses offers insights into adaptive individuality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if discrete behaviors in Octopus bimaculoides can be reliably grouped to reflect temperament dimensions.
  • To examine the developmental trajectory of octopus temperament across the first nine weeks of life.
  • To determine the influence of relatedness on temperament development in this species.

Main Methods:

  • Principal-components analysis (PCA) was used to group behavioral frequencies from 73 Octopus bimaculoides at 3 weeks old.
  • Composite scores were calculated to evaluate temperamental trait levels at three time points (Weeks 3, 6, and 9) for 37 octopuses.

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  • Profile analysis was employed to assess changes in trait expression and the effect of relatedness.

    • Main Results:

    • PCA identified four key temperament components: active engagement, arousal/readiness, aggression, and avoidance/disinterest, explaining 53% of behavioral variance.
    • Significant changes in overall trait expression levels were observed between Week 3 and Week 6.
    • Relatedness was found to significantly impact the development of individual temperamental profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • Octopus bimaculoides display quantifiable dimensions of temperament that evolve during early development.
    • Temperament in octopuses is influenced by both developmental stage and genetic relatedness.
    • These findings contribute to understanding adaptive individuality and life history in protostomes.