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Nociception, pain, and antinociception: current concepts.

W Riedel1, G Neeck

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Physiologische und Klinische Forschung W.-G.-Kerckhoff-Institut Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|February 6, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Chronic pain involves altered nociception pathways. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid systems modulate pain, with nitric oxide (NO) playing a key role in hyperalgesia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nociception is a complex process involving peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) structures.
  • Chronic pain pathophysiology involves alterations leading to hyperalgesia or allodynia.
  • Nociceptive information is processed through the spinal cord, thalamus, and somatosensory cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the modulatory mechanisms of nociception and antinociception within the CNS.
  • To investigate the roles of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptor systems in pain.
  • To understand the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) in pain pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological and pathophysiological pathways of nociception.
  • Analysis of the interaction between NMDA and opioid receptor systems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of the role of glutamate, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and nitric oxide (NO) in pain signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • NMDA receptor activation contributes to hyperalgesia, facilitated by glutamate.
    • Nitric oxide (NO), produced via NMDA receptor stimulation, can lead to hyperexcitability and pain.
    • Opioid receptor subtypes differentially modulate NMDA receptor activity; CRH shows analgesic effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Nociception is modulated at all levels of the neuraxis.
    • The interplay between NMDA and opioid systems is crucial for pain modulation.
    • Understanding these pathways is key to addressing the multidimensional experience of pain.