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Alcohol consumption and risk for congestive heart failure in the Framingham Heart Study
Craig R Walsh1, Martin G Larson, Jane C Evans
1National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.
Background:
Although excessive alcohol consumption can promote cardiomyopathy, little is known about the association between alcohol consumption and risk for congestive heart failure in the community.
Objective:
To determine the relation between alcohol consumption and risk for congestive heart failure in the community.
Design:
Community-based, prospective observational study.
Setting:
Framingham, Massachusetts.
Participants:
Participants in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of congestive heart failure and coronary heart disease.
Measurements:
Self-reported alcohol consumption; sex-specific rates of congestive heart failure per 1000 person-years of follow-up by level of alcohol consumption.
Results:
In men, 99 cases of congestive heart failure occurred during 26 035 person-years of follow-up. In women, 120 cases of congestive heart failure occurred during 35 563 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for multiple confounders, risk for congestive heart failure was lower among men at all levels of alcohol consumption compared with men who consumed less than 1 drink/wk. The hazard ratio for congestive heart failure was lowest among men who consumed 8 to 14 drinks/wk (0.41 [95% CI, 0.21 to 0.81]) compared with those who consumed less than 1 drink/wk. In women, the age-adjusted hazard ratio for congestive heart failure was lowest among those who consumed 3 to 7 drinks/wk (0.49 [CI, 0.25 to 0.96]) compared with those who consumed less than 1 drink/wk. However, after adjustment for multiple predictors of congestive heart failure, this association was no longer statistically significant.
Conclusions:
In the community, alcohol consumption is not associated with increased risk for congestive heart failure, even among heavy drinkers (> or = 15 drinks/wk in men and > or = 8 drinks/wk in women). To the contrary, when consumed in moderation, alcohol appears to protect against congestive heart failure.
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