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Plasma cell gingivitis.

Curto C Román1, Chaves M Yuste, Morán A González

  • 1Service of Dermatology, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Sonsoles, Avila, Spain.

Cutis
|February 7, 2002
PubMed
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Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is a rare oral condition. Low secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels may contribute to chronic PCG by increasing susceptibility to infections.

Area of Science:

  • Oral Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is an uncommon, benign inflammatory condition of unknown cause.
  • It is a form of plasma cell orificial mucositis, encompassing diverse oral conditions.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 13-year-old girl with a 4-year history of PCG on the anterior maxillary gingiva is presented.
  • The lesion was an erythematous, congestive plaque that occasionally became swollen, painful, and bled.

Findings:

  • Histopathology revealed dense plasmacytic infiltrate, immunohistochemical positivity for K and A light chains, and vascular proliferation.
  • Epidermal changes included "lozenge" keratinocytes, "watery" spongiosis, and exocytosis.
  • Laboratory tests showed significantly low serum IgA and secretory IgA levels.

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Implications:

  • Low secretory IgA levels may play a crucial role in the development of PCG.
  • This deficiency might predispose individuals to localized, subclinical infections, potentially leading to chronic PCG.