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Related Concept Videos

Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Electrophysiological Characterization of GFP-Expressing Cell Populations in the Intact Retina
07:30

Electrophysiological Characterization of GFP-Expressing Cell Populations in the Intact Retina

Published on: November 14, 2011

Transgenic expression of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein in the cone photoreceptors of the mouse.

Y Fei1, T E Hughes

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Visual Neuroscience
|February 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) successfully labels cone photoreceptors in transgenic mice. This allows for the isolation and study of these vital retinal cells using flow cytometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Cone photoreceptors are essential for color vision and visual acuity.
  • Studying cone photoreceptors requires reliable methods for their identification and isolation.
  • Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish offers a potential tool for cellular labeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) for labeling cone photoreceptors in transgenic mice.
  • To assess the feasibility of using GFP to purify cone photoreceptors from living retinas.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of transgenic mice carrying a transgene with the human red pigment gene regulatory sequence fused to the GFP coding sequence.
  • Analysis of GFP expression patterns in cone photoreceptors across different retinal regions.
  • Isolation and enrichment of fluorescent cone photoreceptors using flow cytometry.
  • RT-PCR analysis of mRNA from isolated cells to confirm opsin expression.

Main Results:

  • Three transgenic mouse lines exhibited bright green fluorescence in cone photoreceptors.
  • One line (R6.85933) showed widespread GFP expression in thousands of cones, with regional variations (higher in dorsal retina).
  • Dissociated fluorescent cells were successfully enriched using flow cytometry, yielding up to 30,000 cells per mouse.
  • RT-PCR confirmed the presence of middle and short wavelength opsin mRNA in isolated cells, with minimal rhodopsin contamination.

Conclusions:

  • Transgenic expression of GFP driven by the human red pigment gene promoter is effective for labeling cone photoreceptors in mice.
  • GFP labeling enables efficient purification of cone photoreceptors via flow cytometry, facilitating further functional and molecular studies.
  • This method provides a valuable tool for investigating cone photoreceptor biology and retinal diseases.