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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Assessing Forelimb Function after Unilateral Cervical SCI using Novel Tasks: Limb Step-alternation, Postural Instability and Pasta Handling
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[Disc degeneration and cervical instability].

L Dai1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003.

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Surgery]
|February 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cervical segmental instability may signal early intervertebral disc degeneration. This finding links radiographic assessment of instability with MRI-evaluated disc health in the cervical spine.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Spine Surgery

Context:

  • Cervical spine disorders are common.
  • Assessing disc degeneration and segmental instability is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Conventional radiography and MRI are primary imaging modalities.

Purpose:

  • To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of cervical disc degeneration with plain radiographic evaluation of cervical segmental instability.
  • To determine the relationship between disc degeneration and instability in the cervical spine.

Summary:

  • A study of 260 patients analyzed lateral flexion/extension radiographs for displacements and T2-weighted MRI for disc degeneration.
  • Cervical instability was found in 14.5% of segments and significantly correlated with early-stage disc degeneration (Grade 1 and 2).
  • Disc degeneration grade increased significantly with age across all intervertebral levels.

Impact:

  • Cervical segmental instability may serve as an early indicator of intervertebral disc degeneration.
  • Findings can refine diagnostic approaches for cervical spine conditions.
  • This research aids in understanding the biomechanics of cervical spine aging and pathology.