[Overuse injury syndromes in the shoulder area]

The shoulder is the most movable and the most unstable joint in a human body. The glenohumeral joint is particularly vulnerable because overhead activities put tremendous stress on its static stabilizers (ligamentous labral complex) and the dynamic stabilizers (rotator cuff muscles). Overhead activities may stretch or injure the static stabilizers. Minor aberrations in mechanisms controlling stability have a significant and cumulative effect on the shoulder biomechanics, and increase the risk of injury. Impingement syndrome and glenohumeral instability are predominant injuries affecting the shoulder.