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Drosophila bipectinata species complex.

S Singh1, B N Singh

  • 1Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
|February 8, 2002
PubMed
Summary

The Drosophila bipectinata species complex shows evidence of incipient sexual isolation and close phylogenetic relationships, with genetic factors influencing mating behavior and a unique thoracic phenotype affecting mate recognition.

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Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary Biology
  • * Genetics
  • * Zoology

Background:

  • * The Drosophila bipectinata species complex, part of the melanogaster species group, comprises four closely related species: D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata, D. malerkotliana, and D. pseudoananassae.
  • * While females are morphologically indistinguishable, males exhibit variations in sex-comb teeth and abdominal coloration, aiding in species differentiation.
  • * Previous studies have identified chromosomal inversions within these species, with low frequencies in natural populations of D. bipectinata but persistence in laboratory stocks due to heterotic buffering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and reproductive isolation mechanisms within the Drosophila bipectinata species complex.
  • * To explore the genetic basis of sexual activity, sexual selection, and associated behaviors in D. bipectinata.
  • * To identify and characterize novel phenotypes, such as bilateral thoracic outgrowths, and their impact on mate recognition.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative analysis of chromosomal inversions, hybridization patterns, and allozyme variation.
  • * Mitochondrial DNA sequencing to assess genetic divergence.
  • * Mating propensity tests, including geographic strains, hybrids, and diallel crosses, to study sexual behavior and selection.

Main Results:

  • * High degree of genetic similarity indicated by small net nucleotide differences in mitochondrial DNA and close phylogenetic relationships.
  • * Evidence of incipient sexual isolation among species and geographic populations, with assortative mating observed.
  • * Genetic control of sexual activity demonstrated, with variations in courtship time, copulation duration, and fertility; rare-male mating advantage and polygenic control of mating activity identified.
  • * A novel bilateral thoracic outgrowth phenotype in D. bipectinata was found to influence mate recognition ability.

Conclusions:

  • * The Drosophila bipectinata species complex represents a group of closely related species with ongoing evolutionary processes leading to incipient sexual isolation.
  • * Sexual selection and genetic factors play significant roles in shaping mating behaviors and reproductive success within this complex.
  • * The study highlights the importance of integrating multiple lines of evidence, including genetics, behavior, and morphology, for understanding speciation and evolutionary dynamics.

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