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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...

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Regulation of SGLT1 expression in response to Na(+) intake.

Anna Barfull1, Carles Garriga, Albert Tauler

  • 1Departament de Fisiologia-Divisió IV, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
|February 8, 2002
PubMed
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Dietary sodium restriction in chickens reduced glucose transport in the ileum and rectum. This decrease in hexose transport was linked to fewer sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1), suggesting a role in sodium homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Physiology
  • Gastrointestinal Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Dietary sodium (Na(+)) is crucial for intestinal function.
  • Sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1) mediate hexose absorption.
  • Aldosterone influences electrolyte and nutrient transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of reduced dietary Na(+) intake on intestinal hexose transport in chickens.
  • To determine the role of Na(+)-dependent D-glucose cotransporters (SGLT1) in this process.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of SGLT1 expression in response to Na(+) levels.

Main Methods:

  • Chickens were fed a low Na(+) diet, followed by resalination.
  • Intestinal hexose transport was measured using alpha-methyl-D-glucoside.
  • Expression levels of SGLT1 and its mRNA were analyzed in different intestinal segments (jejunum, ileum, rectum) via Northern blot.
  • Plasma aldosterone concentration was monitored.

Main Results:

  • Reduced Na(+) intake significantly decreased alpha-methyl-D-glucoside transport in the ileum (42%) and rectum (51%).
  • These transport reductions were reversed upon resalination and inversely correlated with aldosterone levels.
  • The decrease in hexose transport was attributed to reduced SGLT1 protein levels in the ileum (38%) and rectum (46%).
  • SGLT1 mRNA levels remained constant across intestinal regions and were unaffected by Na(+) intake, indicating post-transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary Na(+) levels significantly influence intestinal hexose transport in chickens.
  • The regulation of SGLT1 protein expression, rather than mRNA levels, is key to adapting hexose transport to Na(+) availability.
  • These findings highlight the involvement of SGLT1 in maintaining Na(+) homeostasis within the chicken intestine.