Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Reading disability: age differences and the perceptual-deficit hypothesis.

F R Vellutino, H Smith, J A Steger

    Child Development
    |June 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Specific reading disability is not caused by visual-spatial deficits. Poor readers struggle with verbal identification, not visual processing, even in younger children, confirming prior research on reading disorders.

    Related Concept Videos

    You might also read

    Related Articles

    Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

    Sort by
    Same author

    Differentiating between difficult-to-remediate and readily remediated poor readers: more evidence against the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition of reading disability.

    Journal of learning disabilities·2004
    Same author

    Normal reading despite limited eye movements.

    Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·1999
    Same author

    Age changes in the missing-letter effect reflect the reader's growing ability to extract the structure from text.

    Journal of experimental child psychology·1998
    Same author

    Semantic and phonological coding in poor and normal readers.

    Journal of experimental child psychology·1995
    Same author

    The sialylation of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by host factors: a major impact on pathogenicity.

    FEMS microbiology letters·1992
    Same author

    Guard against seller's remorse.

    Dental economics - oral hygiene·1992

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Specific reading disability is a complex condition affecting numerous children.
    • Previous research suggested a link between visual-spatial deficits and reading difficulties.
    • The generality of prior findings was limited to older children (9-15 years).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the causal relationship between visual-spatial disorder and specific reading disability.
    • To extend previous findings to younger age groups (second and sixth graders).
    • To differentiate between visual and verbal encoding deficits in poor readers.

    Main Methods:

    • Tachistoscopic exposures of verbal and nonverbal stimuli were presented to poor and normal readers.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants included second and sixth graders, encompassing younger age ranges.
  • Stimuli identification and reproduction were assessed both orally and graphically.

    • Main Results:

    • Poor readers' orientation errors (e.g., b/d confusion) stem from verbal identification issues, not visual distortion.
    • Results replicated previous findings, showing poor readers' visual encoding approximated normal readers.
    • Deficits in verbal encoding were more pronounced in poor readers compared to visual encoding.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific reading disability is primarily linked to verbal processing deficits, not visual-spatial impairments.
    • The findings extend to younger children, reinforcing the verbal deficit hypothesis across age groups.
    • Interventions for reading difficulties should focus on enhancing verbal identification skills.