Angiogenesis of endocrine gland tumours--new molecular targets in diagnostics and therapy

Angiogenesis is one of the key stages in the development of neoplastic tumours, in which a small group of mutated cells transforms into a large malignant tumour metastasising to the neighbouring tissues and organs. The studies on the significance of neoangiogenesis in the progression of endocrine gland neoplasms have recently become one of the most rapidly evolving branches of molecular endocrinology. The induction of angiogenesis has been demonstrated to result from the imbalance between positive and negative factors which control this process. Our paper presents the results of current studies on the role of factors such as molecular markers of angiogenesis (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor), metalloproteinases (which regulate the decomposition of the extracellular matrix) and their inhibitors, and adhesive molecules (e.g. soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in the pathogenesis and diagnostics of endocrine gland tumours in humans. Also, we discuss new therapeutic strategies for inhibiting the growth of neoplasms by blocking the formation of blood vessels using angiogenesis antagonists, which inhibit various stages of angiogenesis. More and more data are being accumulated suggesting that these preparations could, in the near future, be used in the pharmacotherapy of some endocrine gland neoplasms.