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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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Updated: Jul 29, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
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Sodium balance-neutral sodium profiling does not improve dialysis tolerance.

H Iselin1, D Tsinalis, F P Brunner

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.

Swiss Medical Weekly
|February 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Sodium profiling in haemodialysis did not improve patient tolerance. This study found no significant differences in adverse symptoms or physiological changes with or without sodium profiling in chronic haemodialysis patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Dialysis Technology

Background:

  • Modern hemodialysis machines offer advanced ultrafiltration and sodium concentration profiling to enhance patient tolerance.
  • The efficacy of these computerised profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of sodium profiling on dialysis tolerance in chronic hemodialysis patients.
  • To compare sessions with decreasing sodium concentration against sessions with constant sodium concentration.

Main Methods:

  • Nine chronic hemodialysis patients underwent dialysis using Fresenius MC 4008S monitors.
  • Sessions compared decreasing sodium concentration (145 to 133 mmol/L) with constant sodium concentration (138 mmol/L) in random order.
  • Blood volume, hematocrit, weight changes, and adverse symptoms were monitored.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in hematocrit, blood volume, or weight changes between sodium profiling and non-profiling sessions.
  • The incidence of hypotension and muscle cramps did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  • Symptomatic dialyses, regardless of sodium profiling, showed higher interdialytic weight gain and greater hematocrit increases.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium balance-neutral sodium profiling did not enhance dialysis tolerance in stable chronic hemodialysis patients.
  • Vascular refilling, indicated by hematocrit changes, was not influenced by sodium profiling.
  • Further research may be needed to identify patient subgroups that could benefit from sodium profiling.