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Genetic aberration on chromosome 10 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Yasuhiro Yamashita1, Akihisa Miyakawa, Yoshiyuki Mochida
1Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Abstract:
Recently a tumor suppressor gene, a deleted in malignant brain tumor gene (DMBT1), was detected on chromosome 10. In some types of tumors, the frequent deletion of DMBT1 locus have been reported as well as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 10. However, little is known relating to human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To study the genetic aberrations on chromosome 10 in OSCC, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of microsatellite polymorphisms corresponding to 16 loci, containing 2 DMBT1 loci. We examined 38 oral primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues and corresponding normal tissues. Microsatellite instability (MI) was detected at least on 1 of the 16 loci in 15 (39.5%) of 38 cases, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at least 1 of the 16 loci was also observed in 28 (73.7%) of 38 cases. LOH was accumulated at D10S202 (34.6%) and D10S217 (28.6%), suggesting the presence of two putative tumor suppressor genes associated with OSCC. The 2 DMBT1 loci, D10S209 and D10S587, had comparatively high frequent LOH (20.0 and 22.7%, respectively), maybe indicating the important role of DMBT1 in OSCC. No significant correlation between histological differentiation and LOH was found. These results suggest that genetic aberrations on chromosome 10 play important roles in the oncogenesis of OSCC.
Insights
Genetic aberrations on chromosome 10, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the DMBT1 gene, are common in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These genetic changes are implicated in the development of OSCC.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The deleted in malignant brain tumor gene (DMBT1) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10.
- Frequent deletions and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the DMBT1 locus are observed in various tumors.
- The role of genetic aberrations on chromosome 10, particularly DMBT1, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate genetic alterations on chromosome 10 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
- To assess the frequency and significance of microsatellite instability (MI) and LOH at specific loci, including DMBT1, in OSCC tissues.
Main Methods:
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of microsatellite polymorphisms.
- Examination of 16 loci on chromosome 10, including two DMBT1 loci.
- Analysis of 38 primary OSCC tissues and their corresponding normal tissues.
Main Results:
- Microsatellite instability (MI) was detected in 39.5% of OSCC cases.
- Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was observed in 73.7% of cases, with frequent LOH at D10S202 (34.6%) and D10S217 (28.6%).
- The DMBT1 loci (D10S209 and D10S587) showed significant LOH frequencies (20.0% and 22.7%), suggesting a role in OSCC. No correlation between LOH and histological differentiation was found.
Conclusions:
- Genetic aberrations on chromosome 10, including LOH, are prevalent in OSCC.
- The DMBT1 gene may play a crucial role in the oncogenesis of OSCC.
- Chromosome 10 alterations are significant factors in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.