A model for "splitting" of running-wheel activity in hamsters

Splitting of locomotor activity rhythm in hamsters occurs when the animals are exposed for several weeks to constant light. The authors propose a mathematical model that explains splitting in terms of a switch in the sign of coupling of two oscillators, from positive to negative, due to long-term exposure to constant light. The model assumes that the two oscillators are not identical and that the negative coupling strengths achieved by each individual animal are variable. With these assumptions, the model provides a unified picture of all different splitting patterns presented by the hamsters, provides an explanation for why the two activity components cross each other during many patterns, and explains why the phase difference achieved by the split components is often near 180 degrees.