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Gynaecomastia.

I R Daniels¹, G T Layer

¹St Peter's Breast Centre, Ashford St Peter's NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey. irdaniels@dorkingrh4.freeserve.co.uk

The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica

|February 14, 2002

Summary

Gynaecomastia, the most common benign male breast condition, is diagnosed through history and examination, with ultrasound as the primary imaging tool. Management focuses on reassurance, treating underlying causes, and selective hormonal therapy or surgery for persistent cases.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Radiology

Background:

Gynaecomastia is the most frequent benign condition affecting the male breast.
Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the recommended diagnostic and management strategies for gynaecomastia.
To emphasize the importance of a systematic approach in evaluating male breast enlargement.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive patient history and detailed clinical examination.
First-line imaging with ultrasound, potentially supplemented by mammography.
Selective use of fine-needle aspiration cytology for suspected malignancies and endocrine evaluation.

Main Results:

Ultrasound is the preferred initial imaging modality for gynaecomastia.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology has limited utility for benign cases.
Endocrine testing is rarely productive and should be selectively applied.
Reassurance is effective for many patients; targeted treatments address specific causes.

Conclusions:

Gynaecomastia management relies on thorough clinical assessment and appropriate imaging.
Conservative management, including reassurance and addressing etiological factors, is often sufficient.
Hormonal therapy and surgical intervention are reserved for specific indications and refractory cases.

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