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Does malocclusion affect masticatory performance?

Jeryl D English1, P H Buschang, G S Throckmorton

  • 1Baylor College of Dentistry, The Texas A&M University System Health Science, Dallas, USA. jenglish@tambcd.edu

The Angle Orthodontist
|February 15, 2002
PubMed
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Malocclusion, or misaligned teeth, significantly impairs chewing ability. This study found that individuals with malocclusion had poorer masticatory performance compared to those with normal occlusion, impacting food breakdown.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Malocclusion is a common dental condition.
  • Its impact on masticatory performance is not well-established.
  • Chewing efficiency is crucial for digestion and nutrient absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between malocclusion and masticatory performance.
  • To objectively and subjectively assess chewing function in individuals with varying occlusion types.
  • To challenge the assumption that malocclusion does not negatively affect chewing.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 185 untreated subjects (ages 7-37) with normal occlusion and Class I, II, and III malocclusion.
  • Assessed masticatory performance using artificial food (CutterSil particle size) and real foods (jerky, almonds).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Included subjective evaluation via visual analog scale for chewing difficulty.

    • Main Results:

    • Subjects with normal occlusion exhibited significantly smaller particle sizes and broader particle distributions after chewing.
    • Malocclusion groups showed progressively larger median particle sizes (Class I: 9%, Class II: 15%, Class III: 34% larger than normal).
    • Significant differences in subjective chewing difficulty were found for carrots, celery, and firm meat, with Class III reporting the most difficulty.

    Conclusions:

    • Malocclusion negatively impacts the ability to process and break down food.
    • Objective and subjective measures confirm reduced masticatory performance in individuals with malocclusion.
    • Findings suggest that malocclusion may have broader health implications beyond aesthetics.