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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Metabolic Labeling of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinases 1 and 2 with Radioactive Phosphate
11:31

Metabolic Labeling of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinases 1 and 2 with Radioactive Phosphate

Published on: September 18, 2013

The Ror receptor tyrosine kinase family.

W C Forrester1

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405-3700, USA. wforrest@bio.indiana.edu

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|February 16, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Receptor tyrosine kinases (Ror RTKs) are crucial for development, influencing cell migration, polarity, and organ formation. Mutations in Ror genes cause human bone development disorders, highlighting their essential roles.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate critical developmental processes.
  • Ror RTKs, related to MuSK and Trk receptors, are conserved across species.
  • Previous research indicated Ror involvement in development, but specific functions were less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the developmental roles of Ror RTKs.
  • To investigate the consequences of Ror gene mutations in model organisms and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Ror gene expression patterns during development.
  • Examination of mutant phenotypes in nematodes and mice lacking Ror gene products.
  • Correlation of Ror gene mutations with human bone development disorders.

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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

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Development and Application of Rapamycin-regulated Tyrosine Phosphatases
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Development and Application of Rapamycin-regulated Tyrosine Phosphatases

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Metabolic Labeling of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinases 1 and 2 with Radioactive Phosphate
11:31

Metabolic Labeling of Leucine Rich Repeat Kinases 1 and 2 with Radioactive Phosphate

Published on: September 18, 2013

Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

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Development and Application of Rapamycin-regulated Tyrosine Phosphatases
06:56

Development and Application of Rapamycin-regulated Tyrosine Phosphatases

Published on: September 6, 2024

Main Results:

  • Ror genes are expressed in diverse tissues during development.
  • Nematode Ror mutants exhibit defects in cell migration and polarity.
  • Mice lacking Ror gene products show abnormalities in bone and heart development.
  • Human mutations in Ror genes are linked to brachydactyly B and Robinow syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Ror RTKs play fundamental roles in embryonic development, including organogenesis and cellular organization.
  • Dysregulation of Ror signaling contributes to congenital skeletal disorders.