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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

The Mouse Forced Swim Test
06:19

The Mouse Forced Swim Test

Published on: January 29, 2012

Effects of rotational side preferences on immobile behavior of normal mice in the forced swimming test.

Thomas E Krahe1, Claudio C Filgueiras, Sergio L Schmidt

  • 1Laboratório de Neurofisiologia e Avaliação Neurocomportamental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil. tkrahe@usa.net

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|February 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary

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Mice showing consistent turning behavior in the forced swimming test exhibited different levels of immobility, a depression indicator. Sex also influenced immobility, with males showing higher levels than females.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Spontaneous rotational behavior side preferences may influence vulnerability to learned helplessness.
  • Animal models of depression are crucial for understanding human depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of rotational behavior side preferences on depression in the forced swimming test.
  • To examine immobility during repeated testing sessions and its interaction with sex.

Main Methods:

  • Swiss mice (69 males, 73 females) underwent three 5-minute forced swimming test sessions.
  • Immobile and turning behaviors were measured, with laterality consistency defined by persistent turning preference across sessions.
  • Interindividual differences in immobility were analyzed based on consistent laterality and sex.

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The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

The Mouse Forced Swim Test
06:19

The Mouse Forced Swim Test

Published on: January 29, 2012

Flat-floored Air-lifted Platform: A New Method for Combining Behavior with Microscopy or Electrophysiology on Awake Freely Moving Rodents
14:02

Flat-floored Air-lifted Platform: A New Method for Combining Behavior with Microscopy or Electrophysiology on Awake Freely Moving Rodents

Published on: June 29, 2014

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
05:42

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

Published on: March 2, 2015

Main Results:

  • Immobility generally increased with test progression and repetition.
  • Consistent-right-turners showed greater initial immobility and better test-retest reliability.
  • Side-consistent males exhibited higher immobility than females, particularly consistent-right-turner males versus consistent-left-turner females.

Conclusions:

  • Rotational behavior side preference is a significant factor in interindividual differences in depression animal models.
  • Consistent laterality influences the adoption and reliability of immobile behavior.
  • Sex interacts with laterality to modulate depression-like behavior in mice.