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Related Experiment Videos

Breast cancer prevention.

Trevor J Powles1

  • 1Royal Marsden NHS Trust, and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. trevor.powles@rmh.nthames.nhs.uk

The Oncologist
|February 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anti-estrogenic medications show promise for breast cancer prevention. Tamoxifen reduced breast cancer incidence by 49% in one trial but carried risks, while raloxifene showed an 80% reduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical data suggest anti-estrogenic interventions can prevent breast cancer in healthy women.
  • Tamoxifen has been studied in large chemoprevention trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and risks of anti-estrogenic interventions for breast cancer prevention.
  • To assess the clinical benefit and identify women who may benefit from tamoxifen.
  • To explore the potential of other agents like raloxifene for breast cancer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Three major trials (NSABP P-1, Royal Marsden, Italian National) involving over 20,000 women compared tamoxifen to placebo.
  • Raloxifene was studied in a trial for osteoporosis prevention, with breast cancer incidence monitored.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Ongoing and proposed trials investigate luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone analogues, aromatase inhibitors, and other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).

    • Main Results:

    • The NSABP P-1 trial showed a 49% reduction in early breast cancer incidence with tamoxifen, alongside reduced osteoporotic fractures but increased risks of endometrial cancer, cataract, and thromboembolism.
    • Interim analyses of the Royal Marsden and Italian trials did not demonstrate an effect of tamoxifen on early breast cancer incidence.
    • Raloxifene use in an osteoporosis trial was associated with an approximate 80% reduction in early breast cancer incidence.

    Conclusions:

    • Tamoxifen's overall clinical benefit in healthy women remains unclear, and patient selection for benefit is not established.
    • Raloxifene shows significant potential for breast cancer prevention, warranting further investigation.
    • Newer agents and strategies are being explored for breast cancer chemoprevention.