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Related Experiment Videos

Dissimilarity and attraction: when difference makes a difference.

J E Grush, G L Clore, F Costin

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |November 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Student attraction to instructors is linked to personality differences, not similarities. Dissimilarity in relevant traits, like ascendancy and personal relations, boosts student satisfaction with teaching skill.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Educational Psychology

    Background:

    • Student satisfaction is crucial for effective learning.
    • Instructor-student relationships influence academic outcomes.
    • Personality traits play a role in interpersonal dynamics within educational settings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between student-instructor personality similarity/dissimilarity and student satisfaction.
    • To determine if specific personality traits (relevant vs. irrelevant to teaching) mediate this relationship.
    • To explore the conditions under which similarity or dissimilarity fosters attraction.

    Main Methods:

    • Surveyed students in 93 university classes.
    • Administered personality tests measuring relevant (ascendancy, personal relations) and irrelevant (sociability, cautiousness) traits.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed student perceptions of self and instructor traits.
  • Classified students as similar or dissimilar to instructors on trait dimensions.

    • Main Results:

    • Student attraction was highest when they perceived instructors as dissimilar on relevant personality traits (ascendancy, personal relations).
    • Dissimilarity on irrelevant traits (sociability, cautiousness) did not significantly impact attraction.
    • The findings were not attributable to instructor skill or differing student perceptions.

    Conclusions:

    • Instructor-student personality dissimilarity in relevant traits enhances student satisfaction and attraction.
    • A nuanced understanding of personality congruence is needed to predict attraction in educational contexts.
    • A three-dimensional system was developed to predict when similarity or dissimilarity promotes attraction.