Disulfide bond formation promotes the cis- and trans-dimerization of the E-cadherin-derived first repeat

Cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule crucial for epithelial and endothelial cell monolayer integrity. The previously solved x-ray crystallographic structure of the E-CAD12 cis-dimer displayed an unpaired Cys(9), which protruded away from the Cys(9) on the other protomer. To investigate the possible biological function of Cys(9) within the first repeat (the E-cadherin-derived N-terminal repeat), E-CAD1 was overexpressed and secreted into the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli cells. Recombinant E-CAD1 produced a mixed monomer and dimer in an equilibrium fashion. The dimer was linked by a disulfide through Cys(9) pairing. Analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography and electron microscopy suggested the existence of oligomeric complexes. Mutation at Trp(2) appears to indicate that these oligomeric complexes trans-dimerize. Interestingly, mutation of Cys(9) affected not only the cis-dimerization, but also the trans-oligomerization of E-CAD1. Accordingly, it is plausible that, under oxidative stress, the homophilic interactions of E-cadherin through E-CAD1 may be promoted and stabilized by this disulfide bond.