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Canine thyroid neoplasms: epidemiologic features.

H M Hayes, J F Fraumeni

    Journal of the National Cancer Institute
    |October 11, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study investigated thyroid neoplasms in 144 dogs, finding breed predispositions and age-related risks, particularly in females. Associated tumors suggest genetic links similar to human endocrine disorders.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Oncology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Thyroid neoplasms are common in dogs, with varying risk factors.
    • Understanding breed-specific risks and potential genetic links is crucial for canine health.
    • Previous studies suggest associations between thyroid disease and other endocrine or neoplastic conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and risk factors of thyroid neoplasms in a canine population.
    • To identify specific breeds at higher or lower risk for thyroid carcinoma.
    • To explore potential genetic syndromes and the role of thyroiditis in thyroid cancer development.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of medical records from twelve veterinary university hospitals-clinics.
    • Inclusion criteria: 144 dogs with confirmed thyroid neoplasm diagnosis (adenomas and carcinomas).

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  • Data collected on breed, age, sex, and presence of additional primary neoplasms.

    • Main Results:

    • 144 dogs diagnosed with thyroid neoplasms (25 adenomas, 119 carcinomas).
    • 45 dogs had concurrent primary neoplasms, suggesting inherited multiple endocrine adenomatosis.
    • Increased risk observed in Beagles, Boxers, and Golden Retrievers; decreased risk in Poodles.
    • Females showed a steeper age-related risk increase compared to males.

    Conclusions:

    • Breed, age, and sex are significant factors in canine thyroid carcinoma risk.
    • Associated tumors suggest a potential inherited predisposition, mirroring human conditions.
    • Further research on Beagles and Hashimoto's-type thyroiditis may elucidate thyroiditis' role in thyroid cancer.