Insights into genetic testing for colon cancer: the nurse practitioner role

As new genetic discoveries continue to gain public awareness, patients will increasingly call on their nurse practitioners (NPs) to discuss their inherited susceptibility to disease. Genetic testing for colon cancer can presently identify gene mutations for 2 inherited forms of this disease, familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, accounting for approximately 6% of the cases. By identifying patients at high risk for colon cancer, NPs can discuss the benefits of early detection through screening procedures while helping patients gain insight into the meaning and impact genetic testing can have on their lives. This article discusses the basic genetics involved and screening recommendations for those with a hereditary disposition to colon cancer. Benefits, risks, and limitations are also considered, along with the importance of the NP in educating and supporting individuals in their decision making about genetic testing for colon cancer.