Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Effect of normalization and phase angle calculations on continuous relative phase.

Max J Kurz1, Nicholas Stergiou

  • 1Nonlinear Dynamics Laboratory, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA. mkurz@mail.unomaha.edu

Journal of Biomechanics
|February 23, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Phase plot normalization and phase angle definitions significantly alter continuous relative phase (CRP) calculations. Normalization is unnecessary as the arc tangent function inherently handles amplitude differences, preserving kinematic coordination analysis.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure-function coupling of large-scale cortical networks across the lifespan is spectrally specific.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Adults with Down syndrome display altered entrainment of occipital cortical neurons.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Persons with cerebral palsy display improved occipital cortical entrainment after gait training.

Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Overground gait training improves the sensorimotor cortical dynamics and mobility of persons with cerebral palsy.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2025
Same author

Transition Aged Individuals With Cerebral Palsy Have Larger Clinical Gains With Visual Performance Feedback During Power Training.

Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation·2025
Same author

Anterior cingulate and its role in enhancing gait training outcomes in persons with cerebral palsy.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2025

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Continuous Relative Phase (CRP) is a key metric for quantifying joint coordination.
  • The calculation of CRP can be influenced by data processing techniques, including normalization and phase angle definitions.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for accurate interpretation of movement coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of phase plot normalization techniques on CRP calculations.
  • To determine the effect of different phase angle definitions on CRP results.
  • To assess whether normalization is a necessary step in CRP analysis for kinematic data.

Main Methods:

  • Sagittal plane kinematic data were collected from a subject running on a treadmill at 180 Hz.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Segmental angular displacements and velocities were used to construct phase plots.
  • CRP was calculated using two amplitude normalization methods and two phase angle definitions, with differences quantified by Root Mean Square (RMS).

    • Main Results:

    • Normalization techniques altered the configuration of CRP curves, as indicated by RMS values.
    • Normalization resulted in a loss of the phase plot's aspect ratio, potentially neglecting nonlinear forces.
    • Significant differences in CRP curves were observed when phase angles were normalized or calculated relative to the horizontal axis.

    Conclusions:

    • Phase plot normalization is not necessary for CRP calculations, as the arc tangent function inherently accounts for amplitude variations.
    • Normalization can modify kinematic coordination patterns, leading to potentially inaccurate interpretations.
    • The choice of phase angle definition significantly impacts CRP outcomes, necessitating careful consideration in movement analysis.