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Gender differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Naomi Breslau1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, 3A, Detroit, MI 48202-3450, USA. nbresla1@hfhs.org

The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine : JGSM : the Official Journal of the Partnership for Women'S Health at Columbia
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Women face a higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men, particularly after experiencing assaultive violence. This increased burden of PTSD in women significantly impacts U.S. communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research has historically concentrated on military veterans.
  • Recent studies are expanding the focus to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender disparities in traumatic event exposure.
  • To analyze gender differences in PTSD development following trauma in the general population.

Main Methods:

  • A representative sample of 2181 individuals (ages 18-45) from the Detroit metropolitan area was surveyed.
  • Interviews assessed traumatic event history and PTSD diagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria.
  • The risk of PTSD was evaluated in relation to common population-based traumas.

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Main Results:

  • Men reported slightly higher lifetime exposure to traumatic events than women.
  • Women exhibited a twofold higher risk of developing PTSD after trauma exposure compared to men.
  • This gender disparity in PTSD risk was predominantly driven by women's increased vulnerability to assaultive violence, with a 36% PTSD probability versus 6% in men.

Conclusions:

  • The overall burden of PTSD is greater in women within U.S. communities.
  • Assaultive violence disproportionately affects women, contributing significantly to their higher PTSD rates.