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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
Published on: May 26, 2020
Performance-enhancing substances in adolescent athletes
1Pediatric Sports Medicine & Fitness Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. gomezje@uthscsa.edu
Abstract:
Use of performance-enhancing substances is widespread among adolescents. Anabolic steroids, creatine, and androstenedione are currently among the most used ergogenic substances. In the past 10 years, the amount of data regarding these substances from well-designed clinical trials has increased dramatically. Anabolic steroids remain difficult to study because of their known harmful side effects. The vast amount of data on creatine and exercise performance does not support the dramatic claims of muscle building and power development by manufacturers. Androstenedione has been popularized by high-profile sports stars, but initial studies cast doubt about its performance-enhancing potential. The physician requires factual information about these substances to be able to counsel youth about their effects.
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