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Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
Published on: July 29, 2014
Pharmacoeconomics of opioid therapy for chronic non-malignant pain
1Pain Evaluation & Treatment Institute, 4601 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. dawnpainmd@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) is widely prevalent and associated with significant costs. Costs related to chronic pain include medical services and medications, treatment of medication-related toxicity and work absenteeism. The use of non-narcotic analgesics is associated with inadequate pain-relief for many patients, as well as significant and costly organ toxicity. When used appropriately and judiciously, opioid medications can be a useful addition to the treatment plan for patients with CNMP. Opioids can provide long-term, safe and cost-effective pain relief.
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