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Post-transplant HHV-6 Diseases.

Giuseppe Gentile1

  • 1Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Haematology, University of Rome (La Sapienza), Rome, Italy.

Herpes : the Journal of the IHMF
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection is common in transplant recipients, potentially causing serious complications. While HHV-6 reactivation is frequent post-transplant, its direct causal link to specific diseases remains unproven.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) establishes latency after childhood primary infection.
  • Reactivation of HHV-6 is common in immunocompromised individuals, particularly solid organ and bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients.
  • HHV-6 variant B is the predominant type found in transplant patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence and clinical associations of HHV-6 infection in transplant recipients.
  • To explore the potential link between HHV-6 and post-transplant complications.
  • To assess the impact of HHV-6 on the immune system in the context of transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HHV-6 in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients.
  • Analysis of reported clinical diseases associated with HHV-6 infection post-transplantation.
  • Examination of the immunomodulatory effects of HHV-6.

Main Results:

  • HHV-6 infection rates range from 38-60% in BMT recipients and 14-82% in solid organ recipients, typically occurring 2-4 weeks post-transplant.
  • Associated conditions include bone marrow suppression, pneumonitis, encephalitis, graft-versus-host disease, fever, and potential graft rejection.
  • HHV-6 infection is linked to increased susceptibility to cytomegalovirus and fungal infections due to induced immunodepression.

Conclusions:

  • HHV-6 infection is a frequent occurrence in transplant recipients with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • While associations are noted, a definitive causal relationship between HHV-6 and post-transplant diseases requires further conclusive evidence.
  • HHV-6 infection significantly impacts the immune status of transplant recipients, potentially exacerbating other complications.

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