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Related Experiment Videos

Changes in Listing's plane after sustained vertical fusion.

Heimo Steffen1, Mark Walker, David S Zee

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged fusion of vertical disparity alters Listing's plane orientation. This change in eye movement control persists even during monocular viewing, suggesting underlying sensory adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Listing's plane describes the rotational center of the eye during binocular gaze.
  • Vertical disparity, a difference in the vertical alignment of images between the eyes, can be fused by the visual system.
  • Adaptation to prolonged visual stimuli can alter oculomotor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if sustained fusion of vertical disparity changes the orientation of Listing's plane.
  • To determine if this change is measurable during monocular viewing.

Main Methods:

  • Four healthy subjects wore prisms inducing vertical disparity for 72 hours.
  • Eye movements were tracked using search coils while subjects viewed a target array.
  • Listing's plane orientation was calculated by fitting eye movement data to a plane.

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Main Results:

  • A significant shift in the vertical component of primary position was observed between the eyes after prism wear (6.3 ± 1.7 degrees).
  • This indicates a change in Listing's plane orientation.
  • No consistent changes were found in the horizontal component.

Conclusions:

  • Sustained fusion of vertical disparity leads to persistent changes in Listing's plane orientation.
  • These adaptations occur even when measured during monocular viewing.
  • Potential mechanisms include phoria adaptation and sensory compensation for residual disparity.