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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple sclerosis: diffusion tensor MR imaging for evaluation of normal-appearing white matter.

Alexander C Guo1, James R MacFall, James M Provenzale

  • 1Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Rm 1533, Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710-3808, USA.

Radiology
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, even in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and periplaque regions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping can detect these subtle changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease affecting white matter (WM) in the brain.
  • Subtle WM abnormalities may exist in regions appearing normal on conventional MRI.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers advanced characterization of WM microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate diffusional anisotropy in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) surrounding and remote from MS plaques.
  • To compare the sensitivity of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for detecting WM abnormalities in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) and conventional MRI were performed on 26 MS patients and 26 controls.
  • FA and ADC maps were generated and coregistered with T2-weighted images.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Regions of interest were placed on plaques, periplaque WM (PWM), NAWM, and control WM to compare FA and ADC values.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean FA values were significantly lower in MS plaques (0.280), PWM (0.383), and NAWM (0.493) compared to controls (0.537).
    • Mean ADC values were significantly higher in MS plaques (1.025 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) and PWM (0.786 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) compared to controls (0.726 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec).
    • Significant differences in FA and ADC were observed across all WM regions in MS patients compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • WM regions in MS patients, including NAWM and periplaque areas, exhibit abnormal FA and ADC values.
    • Diffusion tensor imaging, particularly FA and ADC mapping, is more sensitive than T2-weighted imaging for assessing MS disease burden.
    • DTI can detect microstructural white matter damage in MS beyond what is visible on conventional MRI.