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Related Experiment Videos

Feline leprosy: two different clinical syndromes.

R Malik1, M S Hughes, G James

  • 1Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. R.Malik@vetc.usyd.edu.au

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
|March 1, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Feline leprosy in cats presents as two distinct syndromes: one in young cats caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium, and another in older cats caused by a novel mycobacterial species, identified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Feline leprosy is characterized by skin granulomas caused by acid-fast bacilli, often unculturable.
  • The study expands the definition to include cases identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and differentiate feline leprosy cases based on clinical, histological, and molecular findings.
  • To identify the causative agents of feline leprosy in a cohort of Australian cats.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 13 feline tissue specimens from 1988-2000.
  • Histopathology, cytology, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing via PCR.
  • Comparison of clinical and pathological features between two distinct cat groups.

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Main Results:

  • Two groups identified: young cats (<4 years) with aggressive, localized disease (potentially M. lepraemurium) and older cats (>9 years) with generalized, slow-progressing disease caused by a novel species.
  • PCR identified M. lepraemurium in young cats and a unique 16S rRNA sequence in older cats.
  • Successful treatment observed with rifampicin, clofazimine, and clarithromycin.

Conclusions:

  • Feline leprosy encompasses two distinct clinical and etiological syndromes.
  • Young cats are typically affected by M. lepraemurium, while older cats develop a novel mycobacterial infection.
  • Effective treatment options are available for both forms of feline leprosy.