Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 2, 2026

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
Published on: January 27, 2019
The immunological "Wars of the Roses": disagreements amongst reproductive immunologists
Norbert Gleicher1, Andrea Vidali, Vishvanath Karande
1The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), 60 East Delaware, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. chrjournal@aol.com
Abstract:
The relevance of abnormal autoimmune function to reproductive function in the female has over recent years become an increasingly controversial and contentious issue. Opposing views have led to a polarization of opinions which, at times, resulted in publications of rather vocal opinions by individuals as well as societal committees. This communication is an attempt to reconcile these, at times diametrically opposing opinions, in a concept of (auto)immune-driven reproduction failure, which could explain and unify these opposing opinions and, thus, hopefully end the ongoing "immunological wars of the roses".
Related Concept Videos
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cross-reactivity
Immunodeficiency Diseases
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

